Author(s): Leonard J. Malinowski
Pages: 133-168
This first article, in a series of five, introduces Fractal Physics Theory, which is founded on extending the two Special Relativity postulates to scale. The first postulate assumes absolute uniform scale cannot be detected. The meter, kilogram, and second relate to a person’s size, mass, and awareness of time passage, the human scale. Atoms are tiny and stars are enormous, both relative to the human scale. In addition to obvious size and mass-energy differences, there also exists a time scale difference between the quantum and cosmic scales as viewed from the human scale. Quantum scale objects appear to exist in accelerated time frames, while cosmic scale objects appear to exist in decelerated time frames, both relative to the human scale. The second postulate assumes the speed (c) of electromagnetic radiation photons in vacuum is independent of scale. This series of articles is intended to call attention to the remarkable self-similarity that exists between the quantum and cosmic scales.
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Fundamental Journal of Modern Physics
Author(s): Leonard J. Malinowski
Pages: 169-195
This second article in a series of five begins to discuss Big Bang Cosmology in terms of a cosmic scale nuclear explosion in a decelerated time frame relative to the human scale. The very successful Big Bang model of the Universe has illuminated some difficult questions. What powered the Big Bang? What is dark matter? What preceded the Big Bang? Did the Universe start from a singularity? In an attempt to answer these profound questions, this article will first review the concept that nuclei, during the moment of the beta particle formation process of beta-decay, are fractally self-similar to most stars. The next topic describes the explosion. The remainder of the article draws attention to fractal self-similarities between astronomical observations and events occurring within a cosmic scale nuclear explosion.
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Publications –Fundamental Journal of Modern Physics
Author(s): Leonard J. Malinowski
Pages: 197-221
This third article in a series of five applies Fractal Physics Theory to the electron. The magnetic dipole moment of a cosmic scale electron is obtained from known properties of ordinary matter. Fractal Physics Theory (FPT) considers electrons to be composed of 1052 subquantum scale iron atoms with an excess of 1040 subquantum scale electrons. Like all human scale matter, the fractal electron is proposed to exist in solid, liquid, gaseous and plasma phases. This provides insight into the wave-particle duality of quantum particles. FPT considers a photon to be composed of 1080 subquantum scale photons. The initial and final states of atomic absorption and atomic emission have long been understood and described by Quantum Mechanics. This article illustrates the process occurring between these initial and final states in spatial and temporal resolution. The Hydrogen atom’s discrete spectra are reproduced from transitions occurring between atomic spherical capacitors. The capacitor is formed from a vaporized and delocalized electron that has a proton center and outer shell of subquantum scale (sqs) electrons. It temporarily stores the absorbed photon energy in its electric field.
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Publications –Fundamental Journal of Modern Physics
Author(s): Leonard J. Malinowski
Pages: 23-72
This fourth article, in a series of five, intends to demonstrate the value of applying Fractal Physics Theory to further understanding of nucleon structure and nucleon interactions. An ideal neutron is assumed, as a limiting case, to be composed of 100% subquantum scale Hydrogen atoms. With this assumption and identifying the pre-solar system mass with the mass of a cosmic scale neutron, it appears possible to derive the masses of all the nucleons. The strong nuclear force is discussed by introducing subquantum scale fusion, lilliputian scale electromagnetic forces, and lilliputian scale gravity.
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Publications –Fundamental Journal of Modern Physics
Author(s): Leonard J. Malinowski
Pages: 73-88
This fifth and last article of the series applies Fractal Physics Theory to neutrinos and stars. A wealth of data has been amassed and significant theoretical progress has been made during the past 40 years centered on detecting and understanding solar neutrinos. The fractal nuclear antineutrino emission process is modeled after quantum scale stellar emission. The absorption and emission of antineutrino energy by stable nuclei and atomic electrons is discussed. Stable nuclei and atomic electrons are at lower lilliputian scale temperatures than decaying nuclei emitting antineutrino energy, consequently, stable matter absorbs relatively high subquantum scale frequency photons and emits relatively low subquantum scale frequency photons in increased numbers so that the total antineutrino energy remains constant.
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Publications –Fundamental Journal of Modern Physics
